Redesigning The Scientific Approach for English Language Teaching and Learning (2nd Revision)

Redesigning The Scientific Approach for English Language Teaching and Learning

Denny Nugraha

TBI – B – 7

Genre-based Literacy Pedagogy

Introduction

Innovative learning strategy in English language teaching has been seen as the necessity to fulfill the demand of the changing era. In Indonesia, in search of the suitable educational curriculum, the government has indeed made several changes in the policy of education. The changes periodically were believed to make the national education better than the policy made by the previous government and so on until now. However, the recent curriculum, curriculum 2013 (henceforth K-13), is seen as problematic by some parties. It was perceived as controversial especially by some of English teachers, academicians and even politicians since it was officially set as the national curriculum by the government. This can be seen in many of education institutions from the secondary schools (SMP/MTs) and high schools (SMA/SMK/MA) which still implement the preceded curriculum (KTSP 2006). The problem draws at least two importances why it is high time to redesign the scientific approach for English teaching and learning in schools.

Scientific Approach in English Teaching

Firstly, the controversy comes of the scientific approach from its complicated learning stages. The characteristic of K-13 is that the learning activities in the classroom should be conducted using this approach. The approach is mandatory set by the curriculum in every school subject including English. In this approach, the teachers are expected to empower learning activities that are scientifically based on the factual procedures. Additionally, Hidayat (2016) quoted Nasution’s statement (2013) that the scientific approach has several stages, namely starting from observing, questioning, exploring or experimenting, reasoning or associating, and communicating or creating. However, it can be seen from these stages that the learning process is indeed regarded as serious and difficult as the scientists who want to reveal something new. The stages truly ignore the objectives of language learning itself as it is suggested by Widdowson (2004) in Larsen-Freeman and Anderson (2011) that in language learning what is needed is not a universal solution, but rather a ‘shift to localization,’ in which pedagogic practices are designed in relation to local contexts, needs, and objectives (Larsen-Freeman 2000; Bax 2003; Canagarajah 2005). Accordingly, the scientific approach should be rearranged to meet the pedagogical practices without disregarding objectives of English language learning.

Lastly, Hidayat (2016) concludes that, as he considered in some studies (Panjaitan, 2014; Sehatiin, 2015), the scientific approach makes the language teaching become inflexible. It can be seen that many teachers who found difficulties to conduct all of the learning stages because the time allotment for the approach is not enough. So that, the approach must be reset to be synchronous between the policy and the reality in its implementation. It is supported by the late Alwasilah (2014) that English teaching should be redesigned to promote new forms of knowledge and culture and this would require a great deal of flexibility in the teaching methods. In line with this, the scientific approach should reflect the language teaching not only English to discover new forms of knowledge and culture. So that, it will be suitable for language teaching that is more flexible than the science studies.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the writer believes that it is high time to reconsider the implementation of scientific approach especially for English language teaching. Two important things to redesign the approach must be taken into account. The first is that to promote new forms of knowledge and culture, the approach should be in line with the objectives of teaching English in schools. In addition, according to Kemendikbud (2014) that the objectives of teaching English in high schools are to encourage students communicating in English according to the context of the language being used and to facilitate students with the aspects of interpretation, convention, collaboration, cultural knowledge, problem solving, and reflection. Then, the second is that English teaching should deal with its flexibility in teaching methods. In other words, it should not be taught by only one method/approach, but it should be flexible to adopt various methods/approaches in order to make the learning process joyful and not boring or even complicated for students. This has also to do with the teaching time management in the classroom by the teachers, so that the whole learning stages can be done properly.

References

Alwasilah, Chaedar. 2014. Islam, Culture, and Education: Essays on Contemporary Indonesia. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Bax, S. 2003. The end of CLT: A context approach to language teaching. ELT Journal 57/3: 278–87.

Canagarajah, A. (ed.). 2005. Reclaiming the Local in Language Policy and Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Hidayat, Hendi. 2016. Revisiting the Scientific Approach in Language Teaching. An unpublished essay.

Kemendikbud. 2014. Modul Pelatihan Implementasi Kurikulum 2013. Jakarta.

Larsen-Freeman, Diane. 2000. On the appropriateness of language teaching methods in language and development in J. Shaw, D. Lubelske, and M. Noullet (eds.). Partnership and Interaction: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Language and Development. Hanoi, Vietnam, 65–71. Bangkok: Asian Institute of Technology.

Larsen-Freeman, Diane & Anderson, Marti. 2011. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford University Press.

Nasution, K. 2013. Aplikasi Model Pembelajaran dalam Perspektif Pendekatan Saintifik, Diktat Kemenag.

Panjaitan, S. 2015. The Implementation of Scientific Approach in Teaching Reading Comprehension at Smk Negeri 3 Jambi in the Academic Year 2014/2015. Jambi.

Sehatiin, B. 2014. The Implementation of Scientific Approach in the Teaching of Reading Narrative Text to the Tenth Grade Students. UNESA.

Widdowson, H. G. 2004. A perspective on recent trends in A. P. R. Howatt with H. G. Widdowson. A History of English Language Teaching (2nd edn.), 353–72. Oxford: Oxford University Press.